|
Safe Egress Limits |
|
Type of Method |
Dynamic Pressure |
|
Parachute |
Below 230 psf (11 kN/m2) |
|
Ejection Seat |
Above 230 psf (11 kN/m2) |
|
Encapsulated System |
Above 1200 psf (58 kN/m2) |
|
Source: Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Third Edition, Daniel P. Raymer |
|
|
Pre-Computed Dynamic Pressures for Reference |
||
|
Speed |
Altitude |
Dynamic |
|
100 MPH |
Sea Level |
26 PSF |
|
200 MPH |
Sea Level |
102 PSF |
|
400 MPH |
Sea Level |
409 PSF |
|
Mach 1 |
Sea Level |
1,481 PSF |
|
400 MPH (M 0.58) |
25,000 feet |
184~ PSF |
|
Mach 1 |
25,000 feet |
550~ PSF |
|
Mach 1.5 |
25,000 feet |
1,237~ PSF |
|
500 MPH (M 0.76) |
50,000 feet |
97~ PSF |
|
Mach 2 |
50,000 feet |
679~ PSF |
|
Mach 3 |
50,000 feet |
1,527~ PSF |
|
Mach 2 |
75,000 feet |
205 ~ PSF |
|
Mach 3 |
75,000 feet |
462 ~ PSF |
|
Mach 3 |
90,000 feet |
227 ~ PSF |
Commentary by the Editor: As you can see; you can safely escape from an aerospace vehicle travelling at Mach 3 at 75,000 feet and above using an ejection seat.
So why did North American design the B-70 with escape capsules? It is my opinion that this was a SAC requirement – for an environment on the B-70's flight deck in which shirt-sleeved personnel could survive and continue to fly the aircraft, even with a loss of air pressure. USAF regulations of the time (and still do today) required a pressure suit for operations above 50,000~ feet. From experience with pressure suits on the B-36, B-47, and B-52; SAC knew that wearing them was tiring to crews; yet they were needed in case of a loss of cabin pressure.
The escape capsule that North American came up with was their solution to the problem, because the capsules had a window in their front sections, and provisions for control of the aircraft from within the capsule; so if cabin pressure were lost at 75,000 feet; the crew would simply encapsulate, and pilot the plane down to 17,000 feet or so from inside their capsules.