Safe Egress Limits

Type of Method

Dynamic Pressure

Parachute

Below 230 psf (11 kN/m2)

Ejection Seat

Above 230 psf (11 kN/m2)

Encapsulated System

Above 1200 psf (58 kN/m2)

Source: Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Third Edition, Daniel P. Raymer

Pre-Computed Dynamic Pressures for Reference

Speed

Altitude

Dynamic
Pressure

100 MPH

Sea Level

26 PSF

200 MPH

Sea Level

102 PSF

400 MPH

Sea Level

409 PSF

Mach 1

Sea Level

1,481 PSF

400 MPH (M 0.58)

25,000 feet

184~ PSF

Mach 1

25,000 feet

550~ PSF

Mach 1.5

25,000 feet

1,237~ PSF

500 MPH (M 0.76)

50,000 feet

97~ PSF

Mach 2

50,000 feet

679~ PSF

Mach 3

50,000 feet

1,527~ PSF

Mach 2

75,000 feet

205 ~ PSF

Mach 3

75,000 feet

462 ~ PSF

Mach 3

90,000 feet

227 ~ PSF

Commentary by the Editor: As you can see; you can safely escape from an aerospace vehicle travelling at Mach 3 at 75,000 feet and above using an ejection seat.

So why did North American design the B-70 with escape capsules? It is my opinion that this was a SAC requirement – for an environment on the B-70's flight deck in which shirt-sleeved personnel could survive and continue to fly the aircraft, even with a loss of air pressure. USAF regulations of the time (and still do today) required a pressure suit for operations above 50,000~ feet. From experience with pressure suits on the B-36, B-47, and B-52; SAC knew that wearing them was tiring to crews; yet they were needed in case of a loss of cabin pressure.

The escape capsule that North American came up with was their solution to the problem, because the capsules had a window in their front sections, and provisions for control of the aircraft from within the capsule; so if cabin pressure were lost at 75,000 feet; the crew would simply encapsulate, and pilot the plane down to 17,000 feet or so from inside their capsules.